1. Introduction
2. Fundamental Measurement, Scaling, and Dimensionality Issues
3. Th Comparability of Measures
4. Categorical Variables, Conceptualization, and Comparability
5. Some Implications of Omitting Varibales from Causal Explanations
6. The Confounding of Variables and Oversimplified Interpretations
7. Aggregation nad Measurement Error in Macro-Analysis